Mathematical modeling clarifies the paracrine roles of Biology Diagrams

Mathematical modeling clarifies the paracrine roles of Biology Diagrams This review focuses upon the role of hormones secreted by the endocrine pancreas: hormones, which individually and collectively influence food intake, with an emphasis upon insulin, glucagon and amylin. Insulin and amylin are co-secreted by B-cells and provide a signal that reflects both circulating energy in the form of glucose and stored

The endocrine pancreas plays a dominant role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis through the coordinated but opposing actions of glucagon-producing α cells and insulin-producing β cells (1, 2).Disturbances in this regulatory network result in debilitating diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus, which affects more than 425 million people worldwide and is a leading cause of death The pancreatic islets of Langerhans are central to fine-tuning metabolism to ensure metabolic homeostasis during the transition between fasting and feeding. Insulin and glucagon, the principal

Neuronal glucose sensing mechanisms and circuits in the control of ... Biology Diagrams

Metabolic homeostasis in mammals is tightly regulated by the complementary actions of insulin and glucagon. The secretion of these hormones from pancreatic β-cells and α-cells, respectively, is As mentioned above, pancreatic glucagon's metabolic functions are in many respects opposite to those of insulin. Glucagon's most prominent physiological role is to stimulate glucose production via hepatic glycogenenolysis or gluconeogensis, thereby helping maintain euglycemia during states of rapid glucose utilization or fasts, respectively.

Together, insulin and glucagon help maintain homeostasis, where conditions inside the body hold steady. When a person's blood sugar is too high, their pancreas secretes more insulin. When their Glucose homeostasis is mainly under the control of the pancreatic islet hormones insulin and glucagon, which, respectively, stimulate glucose uptake and utilization by liver, fat, and muscle and glucose production by the liver. The balance between the secretions of these hormones is under the control of blood glucose concentrations.

Pancreatic regulation of glucose homeostasis Biology Diagrams

Through its various hormones, particularly glucagon and insulin, the pancreas maintains blood glucose levels within a very narrow range of 4-6 m M. This preservation is accomplished by the